Types of Welding Joints

Types of Welding Joints

Welds Based on Configuration 

weld configurations

 
Slot weld

slot weld diagram

Joint between two overlapping components made by depositing a fillet weld around the periphery of a hole in one component so as to join it to the surface of the other component exposed through the hole.

Plug weld

plug weld diagram

Weld made by filling a hole in one component of a workpiece with filler metal so as to join it to the surface of an overlapping component exposed through the hole (the hole can be circular or oval).

Based on Penetration
Full penetration weld

full penetration weld

Welded joint where the weld metal fully penetrates the joint with complete root fusion. In US the preferred term is complete joint penetration weld (CJP, see AWS D1.1).

Partial penetration weld

partial penetration weld diagram

Weld in which the fusion penetration is intentionally less than full penetration. In the US the preferred term is partial joint penetration weld (PJP).

Welds Based on Accessibility

weld accessibility

Features of Completed Welds

 

butt weld diagram

Butt weld

fillet weld diagram

Fillet weld

Parent Metal

Metal to be joined or surfaced by welding, braze welding or brazing.

Filler Metal

Metal added during welding, braze welding, brazing or surfacing.

Weld Metal

All metal melted during the making of a weld and retained in the weld.

Heat Affected Zone (HAZ)

The part of the parent metal metallurgically affected by the weld or thermal cutting heat, but not melted.

Fusion Line

Boundary between the weld metal and the HAZ in a fusion weld. This is a non-standard term for weld junction.

Weld Zone

Zone containing the weld metal and the HAZ.

Weld Face

The surface of a fusion weld exposed on the side from which the weld has been made.

Weld Root

Zone on the side of the first run furthest from the welder.

Weld Toe

Boundary between a weld face and the parent metal or between runs. This is a very important feature of a weld since toes are points of high stress concentration and often they are initiation points for different types of cracks (eg fatigue cracks, cold cracks).

In order to reduce the stress concentration, toes must blend smoothly into the parent metal surface.

Excess Weld Metal

Weld metal lying outside the plane joining the toes. Other non-standard terms for this feature: reinforcement, overfill.

Note: the term reinforcement, although commonly used, is inappropriate because any excess weld metal over and above the surface of the parent metal does not make the joint stronger.

In fact, the thickness considered when designing a welded component is the design throat thickness, which does not include the excess weld metal.

Run (pass)

weld run pass

The metal melted or deposited during one passage of an electrode, torch or blowpipe.

Layer

Stratum of weld metal consisting of one or more runs.